Prosody in Interaction

Interactional approaches to prosody have seen an enormous growth in the last decades. One crucial assumption common to these approaches is that prosodic devices may serve as resources for structuring and organizing an interaction. Methodologically, interactionally informed research of prosody rests upon ethnomethodological conversation analysis and contextualization theory. In this paper, a case study of the Cologne German rising-falling intonation contour serves to illuminate the prevalent methods in the field. The results are discussed with respect to their implications for basic theoretical assumptions about prosody and intonation. Consistent with core assumptions of Interactional Linguistics, they point to the variable and gradient nature of intonational functions that can best be captured in a grammar model that allows for holistic descriptions of linguistic structures

Morphologisch komplexe Wörter: Prosodische Struktur und phonetische Realisierung

Many researchers assume that the relation between morphology and phonology is not a direct one but is modulated by prosodic constituents, particularly the phonological word. Despite the theoretical relevance of the phonological word in morphophonology, phonetic investigations of the realization of (complex) words are still rare. The book aims to shed some light on this issue. On the basis of about 3800 tokens from experimentally elicited and spontaneous  German speech, it investigates the prosodic boundary phenomena glottal stop insertion / glottalization and degemination, as well as durational reductions and /t/-deletions in the vicinity of a morphological and/or prosodic boundary. Informed by findings from usage-based accounts of language, it systematically introduces token frequency and other potentially influencing factors into the analysis. The results yield a rather complex picture that, on the whole, corroborates the relevance of the phonological word as an interface domain between morphology and phonology. At the same time, the results underline the necessity to consider usage-based factors such as frequency, thus all in all lending support to so-called hybrid models of language.   Der Preis der gebundenen Version dieses Buches in Deutschland ist 40 EUR

Morphologisch komplexe Wörter: Prosodische Struktur und phonetische Realisierung

Many researchers assume that the relation between morphology and phonology is not a direct one but is modulated by prosodic constituents, particularly the phonological word. Despite the theoretical relevance of the phonological word in morphophonology, phonetic investigations of the realization of (complex) words are still rare. The book aims to shed some light on this issue. On the basis of about 3800 tokens from experimentally elicited and spontaneous  German speech, it investigates the prosodic boundary phenomena glottal stop insertion / glottalization and degemination, as well as durational reductions and /t/-deletions in the vicinity of a morphological and/or prosodic boundary. Informed by findings from usage-based accounts of language, it systematically introduces token frequency and other potentially influencing factors into the analysis. The results yield a rather complex picture that, on the whole, corroborates the relevance of the phonological word as an interface domain between morphology and phonology. At the same time, the results underline the necessity to consider usage-based factors such as frequency, thus all in all lending support to so-called hybrid models of language.   Der Preis der gebundenen Version dieses Buches in Deutschland ist 40 EUR

Morphologisch komplexe Wörter: Prosodische Struktur und phonetische Realisierung

Many researchers assume that the relation between morphology and phonology is not a direct one but is modulated by prosodic constituents, particularly the phonological word. Despite the theoretical relevance of the phonological word in morphophonology, phonetic investigations of the realization of (complex) words are still rare. The book aims to shed some light on this issue. On the basis of about 3800 tokens from experimentally elicited and spontaneous  German speech, it investigates the prosodic boundary phenomena glottal stop insertion / glottalization and degemination, as well as durational reductions and /t/-deletions in the vicinity of a morphological and/or prosodic boundary. Informed by findings from usage-based accounts of language, it systematically introduces token frequency and other potentially influencing factors into the analysis. The results yield a rather complex picture that, on the whole, corroborates the relevance of the phonological word as an interface domain between morphology and phonology. At the same time, the results underline the necessity to consider usage-based factors such as frequency, thus all in all lending support to so-called hybrid models of language.   Der Preis der gebundenen Version dieses Buches in Deutschland ist 40 EUR

Morphologisch komplexe Wörter: Prosodische Struktur und phonetische Realisierung

Many researchers assume that the relation between morphology and phonology is not a direct one but is modulated by prosodic constituents, particularly the phonological word. Despite the theoretical relevance of the phonological word in morphophonology, phonetic investigations of the realization of (complex) words are still rare. The book aims to shed some light on this issue. On the basis of about 3800 tokens from experimentally elicited and spontaneous  German speech, it investigates the prosodic boundary phenomena glottal stop insertion / glottalization and degemination, as well as durational reductions and /t/-deletions in the vicinity of a morphological and/or prosodic boundary. Informed by findings from usage-based accounts of language, it systematically introduces token frequency and other potentially influencing factors into the analysis. The results yield a rather complex picture that, on the whole, corroborates the relevance of the phonological word as an interface domain between morphology and phonology. At the same time, the results underline the necessity to consider usage-based factors such as frequency, thus all in all lending support to so-called hybrid models of language.   Der Preis der gebundenen Version dieses Buches in Deutschland ist 40 EUR

Biotechnological production of fungal colorants

Since a global transformation towards circular bioeconomy relies on sustainable processes and environmentally friendly products, alternatives to currently used colorants and dyes are explored in this thesis. The proposed solutions are biotechnologically produced pigments from fungi. Two different species and their potential to produce colorants were investigated: the sulphur shelf (Laetiporus sulphureus) and shaggy bracket (Inonotus hispidus). Both species are known to synthesize colorful molecules in their fruiting bodies and in the mycelium grown in liquid culture. L. sulphureus synthesizes several orange laetiporic acids and I. hispidus produces the yellow hispidin, which is a known antioxidant with several other bioactivities. In this thesis, the cultivation of both species was scaled up from shake flask to a 4 and 7 L bioreactor and nutrition medium was optimized. By comparing four different L. sulphureus strains, the most potent pigment producer was identified and achieved yields of around 1 g/L laetiporic acid. Different physical and chemical influencing factors for improved hispidin yield were tested for the cultivation of I. hispidus. Irradiation and oxidative stress stimulated pigment synthesis, as well as supplemented precursors. The effects were combined in a comparison of two different types of bioreactors and a yield of 5.5 g/L hispidin was achieved. Different product recovery strategies were investigated, from conventional extraction to a biphasic system. The prior poor stability of laetiporic acid extracts was improved by addition of nitrogen and storage at low temperatures. The potential for application in textiles, cosmetics and food was demonstrated. In conclusion, the biotechnological production of fungal colorants was demonstrated using two examples in this thesis. Upscaling from laboratory to pilot scale was reported and optimization of chemical and physical parameters resulted in g/L-scale product titers, which render bioprocesses competitive to conventional production processes for natural colorants.Da eine globale Transformation in Richtung zirkulärer Bioökonomie auf nachhaltige Prozesse und umweltfreundliche Produkte angewiesen ist, werden in dieser Arbeit Alternativen für aktuell eingesetzte Farbstoffe untersucht. Die biotechnologische Produktion von Farbstoffen aus Pilzen wird als Lösungsstrategie vorgeschlagen. Zwei verschiedene Spezies wurden auf ihr Potential als Farbstoff-Produzenten untersucht: der Gemeine Schwefelporling (Laetiporus sulphureus) und der Zottige Schillerporling (Inonotus hispidus). Beide Arten sind bekannt dafür, sowohl im Fruchtkörper als auch im Myzel in flüssiger Nährkultur farbige Moleküle zu synthetisieren. L. sulphureus produziert die orangen Laetiporsäuren und I. hispidus bildet das gelbe Hispidin, ein bekanntes Antioxidant mit vielen weiteren Bioaktivitäten. Die Kultivierung beider Spezies wurde in dieser Arbeit vom Schüttelkolben bis zum 4 bzw. 7 L Maßstab im Bioreaktor vergrößert und die Nährmedien optimiert. Durch den Vergleich vier verschiedener L. sulphureus Stämme wurde der potenteste Produktionsstamm ausgewählt und erzielte Ausbeuten von rund 1 g/L Laetiporsäure. Bei der Kultivierung von I. hispidus wurden verschiedene physikalische und chemische Einflussfaktoren zur Steigerung der Hispidin-Ausbeute getestet. Der Einsatz von Belichtung und oxidativem Stress stimulierte die Farbstoffsynthese, genau wie dem Nährmedium zugesetzte Präkursoren. Alle Effektoren wurden in parallelen Kultivierungen in Bioreaktoren zweier verschiedener Bauarten getestet und eine Ausbeute von 5,5 g/L Hispidin erzielt. Verschiedene Produktaufarbeitungs-Strategien wurden etabliert, von der klassischen Extraktion bis zum Zwei-Phasen-System. Die zuvor geringe Stabilität der Laetiporsäure-Extrakte konnte durch Stickstoff und Lagerung bei niedrigen Temperaturen stabilisiert werden und das Potential für die Anwendung in Textilien, Kosmetika und Lebensmitteln wurde demonstriert. Zusammenfassend wurde in dieser Arbeit anhand von zwei Beispielen gezeigt, dass die biotechnologische Produktion von Pilzfarbstoffen möglich ist. Die Maßstabsvergrößerung vom Labor bis zur Pilotanlage wurde berichtet und die Kombination von chemischen und physikalischen Einflussfaktoren sorgten für Ausbeuten im g/L Bereich, die einen entsprechenden Bioprozess wettbewerbsfähig mit konventionellen Prozessen für natürliche Farbstoffe machen

Morphologisch komplexe Wörter: Prosodische Struktur und phonetische Realisierung

Many researchers assume that the relation between morphology and phonology is not a direct one but is modulated by prosodic constituents, particularly the phonological word. Despite the theoretical relevance of the phonological word in morphophonology, phonetic investigations of the realization of (complex) words are still rare. The book aims to shed some light on this issue. On the basis of about 3800 tokens from experimentally elicited and spontaneous  German speech, it investigates the prosodic boundary phenomena glottal stop insertion / glottalization and degemination, as well as durational reductions and /t/-deletions in the vicinity of a morphological and/or prosodic boundary. Informed by findings from usage-based accounts of language, it systematically introduces token frequency and other potentially influencing factors into the analysis. The results yield a rather complex picture that, on the whole, corroborates the relevance of the phonological word as an interface domain between morphology and phonology. At the same time, the results underline the necessity to consider usage-based factors such as frequency, thus all in all lending support to so-called hybrid models of language.   Der Preis der gebundenen Version dieses Buches in Deutschland ist 40 EUR

”Krenkelse i den nære relasjonen” – erfart av terapeuter

I denne masteroppgaven har jeg undersøkt hvordan terapeuter erfarer og forstår krenkelse i relasjon mellom foreldre og ungdom. Krenkelse i dette studiet omhandler ikke overgrep eller fysisk vold, men jeg har ønsket å se nærmere på hvordan samspillet kan utarte seg som krenkende for ungdommen. Dette er en kvalitativ studie som har hatt til hensikt å besvare følgende forskningsspørsmål: På hvilke måter kan krenkelse komme til uttrykk i relasjon mellom foreldre og ungdom? Hva gjør ungdommen for å håndtere og tåle opplevd krenkelse? Hvilke utfordringer blir nevnt som følge av krenkelser og hva søker ungdommen å oppnå? Hvilke utfordringer skaper krenkelse i og for den nære relasjonen mellom ungdom og foreldre

”Krenkelse i den nære relasjonen” – erfart av terapeuter

I denne masteroppgaven har jeg undersøkt hvordan terapeuter erfarer og forstår krenkelse i relasjon mellom foreldre og ungdom. Krenkelse i dette studiet omhandler ikke overgrep eller fysisk vold, men jeg har ønsket å se nærmere på hvordan samspillet kan utarte seg som krenkende for ungdommen. Dette er en kvalitativ studie som har hatt til hensikt å besvare følgende forskningsspørsmål: På hvilke måter kan krenkelse komme til uttrykk i relasjon mellom foreldre og ungdom? Hva gjør ungdommen for å håndtere og tåle opplevd krenkelse? Hvilke utfordringer blir nevnt som følge av krenkelser og hva søker ungdommen å oppnå? Hvilke utfordringer skaper krenkelse i og for den nære relasjonen mellom ungdom og foreldre

Prosodische Struktur und phonetische Realisierung

Many researchers assume that the relation between morphology and phonology is not a direct one but is modulated by prosodic constituents, particularly the phonological word. Despite the theoretical relevance of the phonological word in morphophonology, phonetic investigations of the realization of (complex) words are still rare. The book aims to shed some light on this issue. On the basis of about 3800 tokens from experimentally elicited and spontaneous speech, it investigates the prosodic boundary phenomena glottal stop insertion / glottalization and degemination, as well as durational reductions and /t/-deletions in the vicinity of a morphological and/or prosodic boundary. Informed by findings from usage-based accounts of language, it systematically introduces token frequency and other potentially influencing factors into the analysis. The results yield a rather complex picture that, on the whole, corroborates the relevance of the phonological word as an interface domain between morphology and phonology. At the same time, the results underline the necessity to consider usage-based factors such as frequency, thus all in all lending support to so-called hybrid models of language